the inside height

Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, invested in the iron and minerals industries on a large-scale basis, including the construction of the Fitzgerald, which represented the first such investment by any American life insurance company.[7] In 1957, they contracted Great Lakes Engineering Works (GLEW), of River Rouge, Michigan, to design and construct the ship "within a foot of the maximum length allowed for passage through the soon-to-be completed Saint Lawrence Seaway."[8] The Fitzgerald was the first laker built to the maximum St. Lawrence Seaway size,[9] which was 730 feet (222.5 m) long, 75 feet (22.9 m) wide, and 25 feet (7.6 m) deep.[10] The moulded depth (roughly speaking, the vertical height of the body of the ship) was 39 ft (12 m).[4] The hold depth (the inside height of the cargo hold) was 33 ft 4 in (10.16 m).[4][5] GLEW laid the first keel plate on August 7 the same year.[11]

With a deadweight capacity of 26,000 long tons (29,120 ST; 26,417 t),[5] and a 729 feet (222 m) hull, the Fitzgerald was the longest ship on the Great Lakes, earning her the title Queen of the Lakes[9] until September 17, 1959, when the 730-foot (220 m) SS Murray Bay was launched.[12] The Fitzgerald's three central cargo holds[13] were loaded through 21 watertight hatches, each 11 by 48 feet (3.4 by 15 m) of 5⁄16-inch-thick (7.9 mm) steel.[14] Originally coal-fired, the boat's boilers were converted to burn oil during the 1971–72 winter layup.[15] In 1969, the ship's maneuverability was improved by the installation of a diesel-powered bow thruster.[16]



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